Financing Lifelong Learning: Annotated BibliographyWorld Bank Publications, 1977 - 21 pagini |
Termeni și expresii frecvente
Acemoglu achievement adverse selection Angrist capital market failures carrying debt cash transfer programs CCT programs Chapman Colombia conditional cash transfers contingent loan schemes debt aversion deductibility of direct deductibility rate direct training expenditures earnings Economics of Education effects of financial effects of vouchers efficiency empirical employers enrollment equity estimate evidence externalities financial aid schemes financial arrangements financial incentives funding G.I. Bill GI Bill graduate tax Hanushek and F higher education human capital contracts implemented incentives for pupils incentives for students income contingent loans individual learning accounts Janvry learners learning activities Leuven levies lifelong learning liquidity constraint low ability students marginal tax rate North Holland Oosterbeek opportunity costs outcomes percent piece rates positive effects post-compulsory potential propensity score provides repayment reward scholarships school attendance school voucher stimulate successful early studies subsidies subsidization mechanisms successful early learning tax deductibility teachers tournament training participation tuition United workers World Bank
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Pagina 24 - Human Capital Contracts A human capital contract is a contract in which students agree to pay a percentage of their income for a specified period after graduation in exchange for funds to finance their education. Originally proposed by Milton Friedman (Friedman and Kuznets 1945; Friedman 1955), the idea of such contracts has re-emerged in recent years. The development of financial markets since the 1980s has created favorable conditions for a private initiative to invest in human capital. An essential...
Pagina 48 - Hanushek and F. Welch (eds.), Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Blau, D. (1999). "The Effect of Income on Child Development.
Pagina 48 - Public intervention and post- secondary education," in E. Hanushek and F. Welch, eds., Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North Holland. Kodde, D. and J. Ritzen (1984). "Integrating investment and consumption motives in a Neoclassical model of demand for education.
Pagina 47 - Interpreting the evidence on life cycle skill formation," in: E. Hanushek and F. Welch, eds., Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North Holland. De Brauw, Alan and John Hoddinott (2007). "Must conditional cash transfer programs be conditioned to be effective? The impact of conditioning transfers on school enrollments in Mexico.
Pagina 49 - The social value of education and human capital," in E. Hanushek and F. Welch, eds., Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North Holland. Lavy, V. (2002). "Evaluating the effect of teachers' group performance incentives on pupil achievement.
Pagina 34 - Accounts (IRAs) — can be used only for education, job training, capitalizing a small business, or purchasing a first home. The accounts are managed by community organizations and held at local financial institutions. Contributions for lower- income participants are matched using both private and public sources (Edwards 1997; Scanlon 2001). Education Savings Accounts (ESAs) in Canada use the same general approach.
Pagina 47 - Hanushek and F. Welch, eds., Handbook of the Economics of Education. Amsterdam: North Holland. Chapman, BJ and A. Harding. (1993). "Australian student loans.
Pagina 21 - ... university even when there were no student fees. This provides further support for the view that a no-charge public university system (that is financed by all taxpayers) is regressive...
Pagina 25 - ... the percentage of income that learners have to commit and externalities are covered by public subsidy. For the outcomes to optimize social welfare, distributional considerations must also be taken into account by targeting public subsidies in order to achieve equity. Implementation of human capital contracts is constrained by the difficulty of obtaining information on learners, the need for a developed tax collection agency, and the problem of adverse selection (Palacios 2004).
Pagina 14 - ... for boys (Schultz 2004). In Nicaragua, the program was targeted to pupils up to fourth grade in primary school. The program increased the enrollment rate for this group by 18 percentage points (Maluccio and Flores 2004).