People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 110
... Baku is supplied a limited number of hours per day because of badly maintained infrastructure , high com- mercial losses , high nonpayment rates , and low tariffs . These problems are getting worse as strong economic growth increases ...
... Baku is supplied a limited number of hours per day because of badly maintained infrastructure , high com- mercial losses , high nonpayment rates , and low tariffs . These problems are getting worse as strong economic growth increases ...
Pagina 112
... Baku , had access to a rea- sonably reliable supply of inexpensive natural gas . Average electricity con- sumption for metered households in Baku was anywhere from 2,376 KWh3 to 2,952 KWh per year , 4 or 198 KWh to 246 KWh per month.5 ...
... Baku , had access to a rea- sonably reliable supply of inexpensive natural gas . Average electricity con- sumption for metered households in Baku was anywhere from 2,376 KWh3 to 2,952 KWh per year , 4 or 198 KWh to 246 KWh per month.5 ...
Pagina 113
... Baku were billed based on norms , so these figures represent expected , not actual , consumption . True electricity consumption outside Baku is not known . If electricity consumption outside Baku was as high as the data suggest , there ...
... Baku were billed based on norms , so these figures represent expected , not actual , consumption . True electricity consumption outside Baku is not known . If electricity consumption outside Baku was as high as the data suggest , there ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan