People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
Din interiorul cărții
Rezultatele 1 - 3 din 57
Pagina 41
... poor and 0.5 for the nonpoor . ) In an environment of falling incomes in the late 1990s , the poor appeared to be cutting back on energy expenditures ( as a percentage of income ) faster than the non- poor , probably by consuming less ...
... poor and 0.5 for the nonpoor . ) In an environment of falling incomes in the late 1990s , the poor appeared to be cutting back on energy expenditures ( as a percentage of income ) faster than the non- poor , probably by consuming less ...
Pagina 49
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 LPG < 1 < 1 1 ... non- poor . Median annual household consumption of electricity was 1,275 KWh , LPG 60 kilograms , wood 5 cubic ...
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 LPG < 1 < 1 1 ... non- poor . Median annual household consumption of electricity was 1,275 KWh , LPG 60 kilograms , wood 5 cubic ...
Pagina 95
... Poor nonpoor poor average tariff 100 0.8 0.7 80 60 - 0.6 0.5 0.4 40 20 0 1997 1998 1999 0.3 0.2 - 0.1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey , Department of Statistics , Moldova . shows no difference in the price ...
... Poor nonpoor poor average tariff 100 0.8 0.7 80 60 - 0.6 0.5 0.4 40 20 0 1997 1998 1999 0.3 0.2 - 0.1 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey , Department of Statistics , Moldova . shows no difference in the price ...
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan