People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
Din interiorul cărții
Rezultatele 1 - 3 din 80
Pagina 6
... source : power parity , Atlas method Adult literacy Infant percent of dollars per kg ( dollars ) rate ( 2002 ) mortality population oil equivalent ( 2003 ) M F rate ( 2003 ) ( 2002 ) ( 2000 ) East Asia and 1,070 90 86 32 78 4.6 Pacific ...
... source : power parity , Atlas method Adult literacy Infant percent of dollars per kg ( dollars ) rate ( 2002 ) mortality population oil equivalent ( 2003 ) M F rate ( 2003 ) ( 2002 ) ( 2000 ) East Asia and 1,070 90 86 32 78 4.6 Pacific ...
Pagina 93
... Source : a . Relying on the HBS also allowed the study to use the same definition of poverty as did the World Bank ... Source of Energy in Moldova 10 098765432 nominal lei per kg oil equivalent Oct. 98 Sources : Moldova Household Budget ...
... Source : a . Relying on the HBS also allowed the study to use the same definition of poverty as did the World Bank ... Source of Energy in Moldova 10 098765432 nominal lei per kg oil equivalent Oct. 98 Sources : Moldova Household Budget ...
Pagina 157
... source of urban air pollution in the large cities of ECA.19 Environmental Costs from Fuel Substitution While the environmental benefits of increased production efficiency are fairly ambiguous , the analysis confirms the findings of the ...
... source of urban air pollution in the large cities of ECA.19 Environmental Costs from Fuel Substitution While the environmental benefits of increased production efficiency are fairly ambiguous , the analysis confirms the findings of the ...
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan