People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina xiv
... Yerevan , Armenia 136 8.7 Average Cost of Heating for High and Low Demand , Yerevan , Armenia 137 9.1 Price Elasticity of Residential Power Demand Depends on Local Conditions 146 9.2 Electricity Tariffs Are Higher Than Gas Tariffs ...
... Yerevan , Armenia 136 8.7 Average Cost of Heating for High and Low Demand , Yerevan , Armenia 137 9.1 Price Elasticity of Residential Power Demand Depends on Local Conditions 146 9.2 Electricity Tariffs Are Higher Than Gas Tariffs ...
Pagina 135
... Yerevan , Armenia dollars per household 350 ☐ fuel 300- ☐ capital 250 200 150 100 30 50 0 operation and maintenance power plant combined heat and large heat - only boiler small heat - only boiler block boiler , natural gas industrial ...
... Yerevan , Armenia dollars per household 350 ☐ fuel 300- ☐ capital 250 200 150 100 30 50 0 operation and maintenance power plant combined heat and large heat - only boiler small heat - only boiler block boiler , natural gas industrial ...
Pagina 162
... Yerevan ( Lampietti and Meyer 2002 ) . Baku , Tbilisi , and Yerevan used to be included in the list of most polluted cities of the former Soviet Union because of the industrialization and urbanization of the past 30 years . Lack of ...
... Yerevan ( Lampietti and Meyer 2002 ) . Baku , Tbilisi , and Yerevan used to be included in the list of most polluted cities of the former Soviet Union because of the industrialization and urbanization of the past 30 years . Lack of ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan