People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 72
... areas where they live have elec- tricity supply restrictions . In some areas with old and nonworking meters , people were not paying for electricity they consumed , so they had no incentive to reduce consumption.19 Despite the obvious ...
... areas where they live have elec- tricity supply restrictions . In some areas with old and nonworking meters , people were not paying for electricity they consumed , so they had no incentive to reduce consumption.19 Despite the obvious ...
Pagina 96
... areas just 51 KWh . Between 2000 and 2003 , consumption increased by 26 percent in rural areas , com- pared with 11 percent in large cities and 3 percent in small towns ( table 6.2 ) . These data are consistent with the findings of the ...
... areas just 51 KWh . Between 2000 and 2003 , consumption increased by 26 percent in rural areas , com- pared with 11 percent in large cities and 3 percent in small towns ( table 6.2 ) . These data are consistent with the findings of the ...
Pagina 97
... areas 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey . See box 6.1 The share of income spent on electricity in rural areas dropped signifi- cantly after the 84 percent tariff increase in 1999 ( figure 6.4 ) ...
... areas 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey . See box 6.1 The share of income spent on electricity in rural areas dropped signifi- cantly after the 84 percent tariff increase in 1999 ( figure 6.4 ) ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan