People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 55
... arrears - increased sig- nificantly for both the poor and the nonpoor between 1998 and 1999 . From March to November , total arrears increased fourfold - from dram 1.4 million in 1998 to dram 5.5 million in 1999 ( figure 4.2 ) . In 1998 ...
... arrears - increased sig- nificantly for both the poor and the nonpoor between 1998 and 1999 . From March to November , total arrears increased fourfold - from dram 1.4 million in 1998 to dram 5.5 million in 1999 ( figure 4.2 ) . In 1998 ...
Pagina 56
... Arrears Increased for the Poor and Nonpoor million drams 2 6 □ nonpoor ☐ poor 5 4 1 0 Mar. - Nov . 1998 Mar. - Nov . 1999 Source : 1999-2000 survey . Arrears Levels ... Arrears to the Utility Went Arrears Levels for the Poor and Nonpoor.
... Arrears Increased for the Poor and Nonpoor million drams 2 6 □ nonpoor ☐ poor 5 4 1 0 Mar. - Nov . 1998 Mar. - Nov . 1999 Source : 1999-2000 survey . Arrears Levels ... Arrears to the Utility Went Arrears Levels for the Poor and Nonpoor.
Pagina 58
... arrears - households receiving cash transfers increased average monthly payments to the utility by 4 percent . It is dif- ficult to determine whether the cash transfers offset the adverse impact of the tariff increase . However , it may ...
... arrears - households receiving cash transfers increased average monthly payments to the utility by 4 percent . It is dif- ficult to determine whether the cash transfers offset the adverse impact of the tariff increase . However , it may ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan