People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 55
... Average household consumption by the nonpoor fell by 16 percent— from 178 KWh per month during March - November 1998 to 141 KWh per month during these months in 1999.6 Poor households responded more strongly to the price change ...
... Average household consumption by the nonpoor fell by 16 percent— from 178 KWh per month during March - November 1998 to 141 KWh per month during these months in 1999.6 Poor households responded more strongly to the price change ...
Pagina 99
... Average tariff ( MDL ) 0.62 0.66 0.7 0.75 Average monthly household 55 60 54 62 13 23 21 consumption ( kWh ) Average monthly household 5 40 39 48 37 payment ( MDL ) 3 Average percent of income 5.3 5.3 4.2 3.9 -20 spent on electricity NRED ...
... Average tariff ( MDL ) 0.62 0.66 0.7 0.75 Average monthly household 55 60 54 62 13 23 21 consumption ( kWh ) Average monthly household 5 40 39 48 37 payment ( MDL ) 3 Average percent of income 5.3 5.3 4.2 3.9 -20 spent on electricity NRED ...
Pagina 162
... average in Krakow to around 50,000 on average in Katowice . 18. Sulfur and ash content of coal ; sulfur content of liquid fuel . 19. In Tbilisi , for instance , transport accounts for 80 percent of total air pollutants . Private ...
... average in Krakow to around 50,000 on average in Katowice . 18. Sulfur and ash content of coal ; sulfur content of liquid fuel . 19. In Tbilisi , for instance , transport accounts for 80 percent of total air pollutants . Private ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan