People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 52
... dram 25 per KWh and dram 51 per cubic meter , there was some geographic variation in the prices of LPG ( between 300 and 400 drams per kilogram , highest in urban Lory Marz and lowest in rural Ararat Marz ) and wood ( ranging from a low of ...
... dram 25 per KWh and dram 51 per cubic meter , there was some geographic variation in the prices of LPG ( between 300 and 400 drams per kilogram , highest in urban Lory Marz and lowest in rural Ararat Marz ) and wood ( ranging from a low of ...
Pagina 55
... dram 3,010 in 1998 to dram 3,520 in 1999. But these households increased their average monthly payments to the utility by only 7.5 percent - from dram 2,970 to dram 3,190 . Despite a 20 percent reduction in average consumption by the ...
... dram 3,010 in 1998 to dram 3,520 in 1999. But these households increased their average monthly payments to the utility by only 7.5 percent - from dram 2,970 to dram 3,190 . Despite a 20 percent reduction in average consumption by the ...
Pagina 57
... dram 2,500 per capita . Those data also show that about 8 percent of households received a special cash benefit or other electricity privilege of some kind in 1999.8 Almost all of these latter households reported receiving dram 1,400 or ...
... dram 2,500 per capita . Those data also show that about 8 percent of households received a special cash benefit or other electricity privilege of some kind in 1999.8 Almost all of these latter households reported receiving dram 1,400 or ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan