People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 115
... estimated by pooling household data sets and utility billing and payment records from capital cities of Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia , and Moldova . In the model , which applies to urban households with meters , house- hold ...
... estimated by pooling household data sets and utility billing and payment records from capital cities of Armenia , Azerbaijan , Georgia , and Moldova . In the model , which applies to urban households with meters , house- hold ...
Pagina 139
... estimated 5-10 percent , on average . The renovation of the transmission and distribution networks and installation of variable speed pumps has led to significant energy savings , again estimated in the order of up to 10 percent heat ...
... estimated 5-10 percent , on average . The renovation of the transmission and distribution networks and installation of variable speed pumps has led to significant energy savings , again estimated in the order of up to 10 percent heat ...
Pagina 158
... estimates the share of air pollution attributable to household wood and coal use.22 The share of DALYS attributable to ... estimated potential loss of life because of indoor air pollution amounts to 7 percent of all deaths related to ...
... estimates the share of air pollution attributable to household wood and coal use.22 The share of DALYS attributable to ... estimated potential loss of life because of indoor air pollution amounts to 7 percent of all deaths related to ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan