People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 134
... levels of efficiency and environmental per- formance . The costs of these options at the different levels are then com- pared with typical household expenditure levels . This yields conclusions about how to implement financially and ...
... levels of efficiency and environmental per- formance . The costs of these options at the different levels are then com- pared with typical household expenditure levels . This yields conclusions about how to implement financially and ...
Pagina 136
... levels and can have negative environmental impacts , including Figure 8.6 . Fuel Costs as a Share of Total Heat Costs for Different Heat Supply Options and Demand Levels , Yerevan , Armenia percent 100 90 80 70 60 888888 50 40 30 20 10 ...
... levels and can have negative environmental impacts , including Figure 8.6 . Fuel Costs as a Share of Total Heat Costs for Different Heat Supply Options and Demand Levels , Yerevan , Armenia percent 100 90 80 70 60 888888 50 40 30 20 10 ...
Pagina 176
... levels of access to electricity enjoyed by the poor , mean that under the right circumstances tariff - based subsidies can still be more effective than direct transfers in helping the poor access electricity , particularly when a large ...
... levels of access to electricity enjoyed by the poor , mean that under the right circumstances tariff - based subsidies can still be more effective than direct transfers in helping the poor access electricity , particularly when a large ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan