People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 71
... losses associated with rising prices are large . At prices below this point , demand is more elastic and welfare losses are smaller . The distribu- tion of annual household electricity consumption indicates that house- holds were most ...
... losses associated with rising prices are large . At prices below this point , demand is more elastic and welfare losses are smaller . The distribu- tion of annual household electricity consumption indicates that house- holds were most ...
Pagina 100
... losses decreased slightly from 31 percent of total power to 29 percent ( table 6.6 ) .32 Union Fenosa losses fell between those of the two state - owned companies . Virtually all commercial losses were attrib- utable to theft ...
... losses decreased slightly from 31 percent of total power to 29 percent ( table 6.6 ) .32 Union Fenosa losses fell between those of the two state - owned companies . Virtually all commercial losses were attrib- utable to theft ...
Pagina 139
... losses . Very dramatic reductions in water losses have also been achieved through the switch from direct to indirect domestic hot water connections , amounting to a decrease of over 85 percent in Tallinn , of almost 90 percent in Tartu ...
... losses . Very dramatic reductions in water losses have also been achieved through the switch from direct to indirect domestic hot water connections , amounting to a decrease of over 85 percent in Tallinn , of almost 90 percent in Tartu ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan