People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 76
... meters in Tbilisi . In the statistical analysis , enforce- ment explains much of the improvement in collections . With remetering a proxy for enforcement , collection rates are systematically higher for remetered households.28 There is ...
... meters in Tbilisi . In the statistical analysis , enforce- ment explains much of the improvement in collections . With remetering a proxy for enforcement , collection rates are systematically higher for remetered households.28 There is ...
Pagina 86
... meters were introduced into the distribution system , sometimes resulting in very large bills for the households . 18. A refrigerator ( manual defrost 5-15 years old ) consumes about 95 KWh per month , and three incandescent lightbulbs ...
... meters were introduced into the distribution system , sometimes resulting in very large bills for the households . 18. A refrigerator ( manual defrost 5-15 years old ) consumes about 95 KWh per month , and three incandescent lightbulbs ...
Pagina 151
... meters . Many , but not all , countries in the region have good residential metering for electricity ; lack of meters is more problematic in district heating , gas , and water . It is true that if lifelines are to be introduced in these ...
... meters . Many , but not all , countries in the region have good residential metering for electricity ; lack of meters is more problematic in district heating , gas , and water . It is true that if lifelines are to be introduced in these ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan