People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
Din interiorul cărții
Rezultatele 1 - 3 din 17
Pagina 54
... million KWh during the same months of 1999 ( table 4.5 ) . Despite this drop in consumption , the new tariff ... million KWh 2.22 1.83 -0.38 -17 Billings - million drams 39.57 45.79 6.22 16 Payments - million drams 38.22 40.33 2.11 6 ...
... million KWh during the same months of 1999 ( table 4.5 ) . Despite this drop in consumption , the new tariff ... million KWh 2.22 1.83 -0.38 -17 Billings - million drams 39.57 45.79 6.22 16 Payments - million drams 38.22 40.33 2.11 6 ...
Pagina 69
... million Btu - less than for all other fuels except natural gas . For poor households not on the gas network , that ... million Btu per quarter . The lowest 20 percent of households maintained the same consumption , at about 55 million ...
... million Btu - less than for all other fuels except natural gas . For poor households not on the gas network , that ... million Btu per quarter . The lowest 20 percent of households maintained the same consumption , at about 55 million ...
Pagina 74
... ( million KWh ) 2,350 2,310 2,490 -2 24 Billings ( million GEL ) 217 232 309 7 Total receipts ( million GEL ) 96 186 266 93 Subsidies ( million GEL ) 35 44 55 25 Winter Heat Assistance 29 37 47 28 3427 33 44 26 Program ( million GEL ) ...
... ( million KWh ) 2,350 2,310 2,490 -2 24 Billings ( million GEL ) 217 232 309 7 Total receipts ( million GEL ) 96 186 266 93 Subsidies ( million GEL ) 35 44 55 25 Winter Heat Assistance 29 37 47 28 3427 33 44 26 Program ( million GEL ) ...
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan