People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 74
... percentage 7 percentage points 24 Households remetered 38 69 76 ( percent ) points 8 32 percentage 7 percentage points points Consumption ( million KWh ) 2,350 2,310 2,490 -2 24 Billings ( million GEL ) 217 232 309 7 Total receipts ...
... percentage 7 percentage points 24 Households remetered 38 69 76 ( percent ) points 8 32 percentage 7 percentage points points Consumption ( million KWh ) 2,350 2,310 2,490 -2 24 Billings ( million GEL ) 217 232 309 7 Total receipts ...
Pagina 77
... Percentage of households receiving government subsidy Income quintile Year Lowest Mid - Low Middle Mid - High Highest 2000 12 12 15 13 13 2001 10 16 18 11 10 Percentage of households receiving Winter Heat Assistance Program subsidy 2000 ...
... Percentage of households receiving government subsidy Income quintile Year Lowest Mid - Low Middle Mid - High Highest 2000 12 12 15 13 13 2001 10 16 18 11 10 Percentage of households receiving Winter Heat Assistance Program subsidy 2000 ...
Pagina 96
... Percentage Percentage Item 1999 2003 change 1999 2003 change Electricity expenditures 28 40 42.9 33 47 42.4 Income 431 966 124.1 871 1,799 106.5 Share of electricity in 7.4 4.7 na 4.3 3.4 na income ( percent ) Source : Moldova Household ...
... Percentage Percentage Item 1999 2003 change 1999 2003 change Electricity expenditures 28 40 42.9 33 47 42.4 Income 431 966 124.1 871 1,799 106.5 Share of electricity in 7.4 4.7 na 4.3 3.4 na income ( percent ) Source : Moldova Household ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan