People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 38
... rural areas . Poor rural households generally spend a lower share of income on electricity than poor urban households ( figure 3.3 ) , perhaps because they have greater access to inexpensive substitutes such as wood and coal , which can ...
... rural areas . Poor rural households generally spend a lower share of income on electricity than poor urban households ( figure 3.3 ) , perhaps because they have greater access to inexpensive substitutes such as wood and coal , which can ...
Pagina 52
... Rural Urban Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor ...
... Rural Urban Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor ...
Pagina 96
... rural areas just 51 KWh . Between 2000 and 2003 , consumption increased by 26 percent in rural areas , com- pared with 11 percent in large cities and 3 percent in small towns ( table 6.2 ) . These data are consistent with the findings ...
... rural areas just 51 KWh . Between 2000 and 2003 , consumption increased by 26 percent in rural areas , com- pared with 11 percent in large cities and 3 percent in small towns ( table 6.2 ) . These data are consistent with the findings ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan