People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 81
... subsidy 10 16 18 11 10 Winter Heat Assistance Program subsidy 27 23 21 Proposed subsidya 44 38 22 19 14 40 42 39 Proposed subsidy - no gas usersb 40 35 43 34 35 Average subsidy per household ( KWh a year ) Government subsidy 610 561 548 ...
... subsidy 10 16 18 11 10 Winter Heat Assistance Program subsidy 27 23 21 Proposed subsidya 44 38 22 19 14 40 42 39 Proposed subsidy - no gas usersb 40 35 43 34 35 Average subsidy per household ( KWh a year ) Government subsidy 610 561 548 ...
Pagina 149
... subsidies argue that they are expensive and socially regressive . Since they subsidize the first block of consumption for all consumers , they benefit the poor and the nonpoor , and they encourage inefficient energy use . Opponents of ...
... subsidies argue that they are expensive and socially regressive . Since they subsidize the first block of consumption for all consumers , they benefit the poor and the nonpoor , and they encourage inefficient energy use . Opponents of ...
Pagina 169
... Subsidies ? How best to mitigate the impact of cost recovery has been the subject of considerable debate between the relative merits of tariff - based subsidies and direct , targeted cash transfers . Lump - sum transfers are usually the ...
... Subsidies ? How best to mitigate the impact of cost recovery has been the subject of considerable debate between the relative merits of tariff - based subsidies and direct , targeted cash transfers . Lump - sum transfers are usually the ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan