People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 49
... urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking . Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and urban areas . Energy ...
... urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking . Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and urban areas . Energy ...
Pagina 119
... urban " and " rural " areas that did not have access to gas or wood ( table 7.8 ) . In these areas , very high ... urban Yes No 403 19 16 Other urban Yes Yes 361 2 16 Other urban No No 713 76 12 Other urban No Yes 427 33 9 Rural Yes Yes ...
... urban " and " rural " areas that did not have access to gas or wood ( table 7.8 ) . In these areas , very high ... urban Yes No 403 19 16 Other urban Yes Yes 361 2 16 Other urban No No 713 76 12 Other urban No Yes 427 33 9 Rural Yes Yes ...
Pagina 225
... urban poor in . See heating strategies for urban poor mitigating strategy , proposal for improv- ing , 97f , 103-4 nominative targeted compensation ( NTC ) system , 90 , 101-3 , 102b postindependence decline of , 89-91 , 90f private vs ...
... urban poor in . See heating strategies for urban poor mitigating strategy , proposal for improv- ing , 97f , 103-4 nominative targeted compensation ( NTC ) system , 90 , 101-3 , 102b postindependence decline of , 89-91 , 90f private vs ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan