People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini The debate on how to conduct pro-poor reforms of utilities frequently condemns tariff-based subsidies as socially regressive. But the empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in ECA, where access to utilities is almost universal, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
Din interiorul cărții
Rezultatele 1 - 3 din 45
Pagina 49
... Wood and Electricity Make Up the Bulk of Household Winter Energy Expenditures ( percent of household expenditure ) Heating Heating water Cooking Primary source Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central ...
... Wood and Electricity Make Up the Bulk of Household Winter Energy Expenditures ( percent of household expenditure ) Heating Heating water Cooking Primary source Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central ...
Pagina 52
... Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor . When asked if they made an effort to ...
... Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor . When asked if they made an effort to ...
Pagina 68
... wood . It is commonly used , but there are no reliable data on price changes over time . Estimating wood prices is complicated by regional dif- ferences in availability , and thus price , and by the fact that households can either collect ...
... wood . It is commonly used , but there are no reliable data on price changes over time . Estimating wood prices is complicated by regional dif- ferences in availability , and thus price , and by the fact that households can either collect ...
Alte ediții - Afișează-le pe toate
Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity consumption electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental Europe and Central figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved infrastructure investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAS region residential Romania rural sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan