People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 41
... poor and 0.5 for the nonpoor . ) In an environment of falling incomes in the late 1990s , the poor appeared to be cutting back on energy expenditures ( as a percentage of income ) faster than the non- poor , probably by consuming less ...
... poor and 0.5 for the nonpoor . ) In an environment of falling incomes in the late 1990s , the poor appeared to be cutting back on energy expenditures ( as a percentage of income ) faster than the non- poor , probably by consuming less ...
Pagina 49
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 16 LPG < 1 ... non- poor . Median annual household consumption of electricity was 1,275 KWh , LPG 60 kilograms , wood 5 cubic ...
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 16 LPG < 1 ... non- poor . Median annual household consumption of electricity was 1,275 KWh , LPG 60 kilograms , wood 5 cubic ...
Pagina 95
Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia Julian A. Lampietti, Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Amelia Branczik. KWh per month Figure 6.3 . The Gap Narrowed in Electricity Consumption between the Poor and Nonpoor nonpoor ...
Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia Julian A. Lampietti, Sudeshna Ghosh Banerjee, Amelia Branczik. KWh per month Figure 6.3 . The Gap Narrowed in Electricity Consumption between the Poor and Nonpoor nonpoor ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |