People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 194
... Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania 0 0 0 0 0 22 18 Armenia 3 4 3 100 90 95 7 8 Azerbaijan 13 19 13 99 98 99 1 1 1 Belarus 79 79 80 na na na na na na Bulgaria 13 29 22 21 6 10 12 9 11 ...
... Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania 0 0 0 0 0 22 18 Armenia 3 4 3 100 90 95 7 8 Azerbaijan 13 19 13 99 98 99 1 1 1 Belarus 79 79 80 na na na na na na Bulgaria 13 29 22 21 6 10 12 9 11 ...
Pagina 195
... Total Energy Sector ( Power , Gas , Heat , Oil , and Wood ) Affordability in 2002 Country Bottom 20 % Urban Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Rural Top 20 % Total Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania na Armenia na Azerbaijan Belarus na ...
... Total Energy Sector ( Power , Gas , Heat , Oil , and Wood ) Affordability in 2002 Country Bottom 20 % Urban Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Rural Top 20 % Total Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania na Armenia na Azerbaijan Belarus na ...
Pagina 196
... Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania 79 96 91 40 14 24 2 Armenia 94 99 97 97 88 92 Azerbaijan 89 87 86 21 27 23 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Belarus 87 93 91 na na na na na na Bulgaria 93 100 99 15 ...
... Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Bottom 20 % Top 20 % Total Albania 79 96 91 40 14 24 2 Armenia 94 99 97 97 88 92 Azerbaijan 89 87 86 21 27 23 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 1 Belarus 87 93 91 na na na na na na Bulgaria 93 100 99 15 ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
Referințe la această carte
Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |