People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 37
... ( figure 3.1 ) . ECA households in the 1990s were spending 2-10 percent of their income on electricity.11 The lowest 20 percent of the households , the poor , consistently spend a larger share of their income on electricity than the top ...
... ( figure 3.1 ) . ECA households in the 1990s were spending 2-10 percent of their income on electricity.11 The lowest 20 percent of the households , the poor , consistently spend a larger share of their income on electricity than the top ...
Pagina 134
... figure compare with the costs of other heating options for full service ? Though these figures are less well known in the region , recent studies from Armenia suggest these options cost between US $ 135 and $ 324 a year for full heat ...
... figure compare with the costs of other heating options for full service ? Though these figures are less well known in the region , recent studies from Armenia suggest these options cost between US $ 135 and $ 324 a year for full heat ...
Pagina 136
... ( figure 8.6 ) . Therefore , while electrical heating has a high unit cost , it may be less expensive for the household to heat with because it is more flexible.11 This suggests that district heating is inefficient and inappropriate for ...
... ( figure 8.6 ) . Therefore , while electrical heating has a high unit cost , it may be less expensive for the household to heat with because it is more flexible.11 This suggests that district heating is inefficient and inappropriate for ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |