People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 40
... higher share of income on dis- trict heating and gas than the top , and nonpayment rates are higher in the lowest 20 percent . In almost all countries , the highest 20 percent of the population has substantially higher access to gas ...
... higher share of income on dis- trict heating and gas than the top , and nonpayment rates are higher in the lowest 20 percent . In almost all countries , the highest 20 percent of the population has substantially higher access to gas ...
Pagina 140
... higher than that for large customers , and so does not reflect the higher distri- bution costs . The analysis is based on a cash - flow methodology , where all future cash flows are discounted by a discount factor of 10 percent a year ...
... higher than that for large customers , and so does not reflect the higher distri- bution costs . The analysis is based on a cash - flow methodology , where all future cash flows are discounted by a discount factor of 10 percent a year ...
Pagina 166
... higher than average weighted tariffs because of the higher costs of supplying electricity to low - voltage consumers . So the shortfall in current residential tariffs is slightly higher than represented here . Russia : no residential ...
... higher than average weighted tariffs because of the higher costs of supplying electricity to low - voltage consumers . So the shortfall in current residential tariffs is slightly higher than represented here . Russia : no residential ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |