People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 128
... kgoe per year ( not kgoe per year ( not including central heat ) including central heat ) 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600- 400 200 0 0 500 1,000 4,000- 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000- 500 0 0 500 1,000 4,000 3,000- 2,000- Armenia ...
... kgoe per year ( not kgoe per year ( not including central heat ) including central heat ) 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600- 400 200 0 0 500 1,000 4,000- 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000- 500 0 0 500 1,000 4,000 3,000- 2,000- Armenia ...
Pagina 130
... ( kgoe ) for three countries , Armenia , the Kyrgyz Republic , and Moldova . A heat demand function is expected to be kinked . It slopes steeply around the minimum amount needed for survival , and then rapidly levels off as the quantity ...
... ( kgoe ) for three countries , Armenia , the Kyrgyz Republic , and Moldova . A heat demand function is expected to be kinked . It slopes steeply around the minimum amount needed for survival , and then rapidly levels off as the quantity ...
Pagina 131
... kgoe ( indicating the inelastic part of the demand function ) , followed by a rapid flattening out . It appears that households alter their heating strategies quickly in response to price changes in the range of US $ 0.01- $ 0.20 per kgoe ...
... kgoe ( indicating the inelastic part of the demand function ) , followed by a rapid flattening out . It appears that households alter their heating strategies quickly in response to price changes in the range of US $ 0.01- $ 0.20 per kgoe ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
Referințe la această carte
Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |