People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 134
... levels of efficiency and environmental per- formance . The costs of these options at the different levels are then com- pared with typical household expenditure levels . This yields conclusions about how to implement financially and ...
... levels of efficiency and environmental per- formance . The costs of these options at the different levels are then com- pared with typical household expenditure levels . This yields conclusions about how to implement financially and ...
Pagina 136
... levels and can have negative environmental impacts , including Figure 8.6 . Fuel Costs as a Share of Total Heat Costs for Different Heat Supply Options and Demand Levels , Yerevan , Armenia 100 90- 80 70- 40 888 60 50 30 20 10 0 ...
... levels and can have negative environmental impacts , including Figure 8.6 . Fuel Costs as a Share of Total Heat Costs for Different Heat Supply Options and Demand Levels , Yerevan , Armenia 100 90- 80 70- 40 888 60 50 30 20 10 0 ...
Pagina 137
... levels with corresponding payment levels so that they are as flexible as individual heating options . If incomes and heat demand are expected to remain low for the fore- seeable future , even a modern , flexible system with lower costs ...
... levels with corresponding payment levels so that they are as flexible as individual heating options . If incomes and heat demand are expected to remain low for the fore- seeable future , even a modern , flexible system with lower costs ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |