People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 40
... low- est 20 percent of the population spends a higher share of income on dis- trict heating and gas than the top , and nonpayment rates are higher in the lowest 20 percent . In almost all countries , the highest 20 percent of the ...
... low- est 20 percent of the population spends a higher share of income on dis- trict heating and gas than the top , and nonpayment rates are higher in the lowest 20 percent . In almost all countries , the highest 20 percent of the ...
Pagina 69
... 20 percent , the cost of wood energy would be GEL 15 per million Btu - less than for all other fuels except natural gas . For poor households not on the gas network , that makes wood the fuel of ... Low for the Lowest Percent in Tbilisi.
... 20 percent , the cost of wood energy would be GEL 15 per million Btu - less than for all other fuels except natural gas . For poor households not on the gas network , that makes wood the fuel of ... Low for the Lowest Percent in Tbilisi.
Pagina 112
... percent of their income on electricity in 2002 ( table 7.2 ) . This level of spending was similar to households in ... lowest 20 percent of households spent a larger share of income on electricity than the highest . One expla- nation is ...
... percent of their income on electricity in 2002 ( table 7.2 ) . This level of spending was similar to households in ... lowest 20 percent of households spent a larger share of income on electricity than the highest . One expla- nation is ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |