People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 41
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Armenia , 1999 17 27 14 11 na na 47 50 Croatia , 1997 44 45 3 7 1 1 51 26 Kyrgyz 24 39 31 17 60 31 46 22 Republic , 1999 Latvia , 1997 37 28 na na < 1 < 1 1 2 Lithuania , 1998 na na na na ...
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Armenia , 1999 17 27 14 11 na na 47 50 Croatia , 1997 44 45 3 7 1 1 51 26 Kyrgyz 24 39 31 17 60 31 46 22 Republic , 1999 Latvia , 1997 37 28 na na < 1 < 1 1 2 Lithuania , 1998 na na na na ...
Pagina 49
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 16 LPG < 1 < 1 1 1 8 13 Wood 59 50 47 43 41 35 Dung 6 5 6 5 6 4 Other 5 4 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Source : 1999 ...
... Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Electricity 10 20 31 37 28 29 Central heat 7 9 - - Central gas 8 11 11 13 13 16 LPG < 1 < 1 1 1 8 13 Wood 59 50 47 43 41 35 Dung 6 5 6 5 6 4 Other 5 4 2 5 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 Source : 1999 ...
Pagina 95
... Nonpoor nonpoor poor average tariff 100 0.8 0.7 80 0.6 60 0.5 0.4 40 0.3 0.2 20 0.1 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey , Department of Statistics , Moldova . shows no difference in the price ...
... Nonpoor nonpoor poor average tariff 100 0.8 0.7 80 0.6 60 0.5 0.4 40 0.3 0.2 20 0.1 0 0 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 Source : Moldova Household Budget Survey , Department of Statistics , Moldova . shows no difference in the price ...
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Termeni și expresii frecvente
AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
Referințe la această carte
Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |