People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 134
... options for two levels of heat demand : full service , meaning provision of about 18 ° C in all rooms of a dwelling , and reduced service , meaning a lower temper- ature in one or several rooms . Full service is the demand that is ...
... options for two levels of heat demand : full service , meaning provision of about 18 ° C in all rooms of a dwelling , and reduced service , meaning a lower temper- ature in one or several rooms . Full service is the demand that is ...
Pagina 136
... options such as individual heat technologies , for which fuel accounts for a larger share of total costs and which ... options are cheaper than electric heating or wood stoves when providing full heat service , but individual options are ...
... options such as individual heat technologies , for which fuel accounts for a larger share of total costs and which ... options are cheaper than electric heating or wood stoves when providing full heat service , but individual options are ...
Pagina 137
... options . If incomes and heat demand are expected to remain low for the fore- seeable future , even a modern ... options are chosen , more investments are needed in clean and efficient technology to lessen the social costs of traditional ...
... options . If incomes and heat demand are expected to remain low for the fore- seeable future , even a modern ... options are chosen , more investments are needed in clean and efficient technology to lessen the social costs of traditional ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |