People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 49
... ( percent of household expenditure ) Heating Heating water Cooking Primary source Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor ... households are typically larger than nonpoor households , so per capita expenditure gives different results . included ...
... ( percent of household expenditure ) Heating Heating water Cooking Primary source Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Poor ... households are typically larger than nonpoor households , so per capita expenditure gives different results . included ...
Pagina 57
... percent of households living below the poverty line , was introduced in 1999 as part of the government's reshaping of the family benefits system and to help alleviate the impact of the tariff increase . Second , an additional 9 percent ...
... percent of households living below the poverty line , was introduced in 1999 as part of the government's reshaping of the family benefits system and to help alleviate the impact of the tariff increase . Second , an additional 9 percent ...
Pagina 86
... households . 18. A refrigerator ( manual defrost 5-15 years old ) consumes about 95 KWh per month , and three ... percent and for the average household . 21. According to the Save the Children survey , in 2002 more than 53 percent of ...
... households . 18. A refrigerator ( manual defrost 5-15 years old ) consumes about 95 KWh per month , and three ... percent and for the average household . 21. According to the Save the Children survey , in 2002 more than 53 percent of ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |