People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 49
... Poor households are typically larger than nonpoor households , so per capita expenditure gives different results . included natural gas and central heat . Rural households depended more on wood for heating than urban households . In ...
... Poor households are typically larger than nonpoor households , so per capita expenditure gives different results . included natural gas and central heat . Rural households depended more on wood for heating than urban households . In ...
Pagina 55
... Poor households responded more strongly to the price change , lowering their consumption by an average of 20 percent from 152 KWh per month in 1998 to 121 KWh per month in 1999 , enough for a refrigerator and a few lightbulbs . This ...
... Poor households responded more strongly to the price change , lowering their consumption by an average of 20 percent from 152 KWh per month in 1998 to 121 KWh per month in 1999 , enough for a refrigerator and a few lightbulbs . This ...
Pagina 57
... poor of the 1999 tariff increase . First , a newly designed family benefit , targeted at the 28 percent of households living below the poverty line , was introduced in 1999 as part of the government's reshaping of the family benefits ...
... poor of the 1999 tariff increase . First , a newly designed family benefit , targeted at the 28 percent of households living below the poverty line , was introduced in 1999 as part of the government's reshaping of the family benefits ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |