People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 131
... produce a 1 percent increase ( decrease ) in energy consumption for heat- ing by the poor , and about a 2 percent increase ( decrease ) by the nonpoor . As expected , demand is less elastic for the poor than for the nonpoor . That the ...
... produce a 1 percent increase ( decrease ) in energy consumption for heat- ing by the poor , and about a 2 percent increase ( decrease ) by the nonpoor . As expected , demand is less elastic for the poor than for the nonpoor . That the ...
Pagina 149
... produce well - targeted income transfers in countries where nearly half the population is poor , budget resources are insufficient , and means or proxy means testing is very diffi- cult because of a large informal sector . A key problem ...
... produce well - targeted income transfers in countries where nearly half the population is poor , budget resources are insufficient , and means or proxy means testing is very diffi- cult because of a large informal sector . A key problem ...
Pagina 177
... were calculated from World Bank ECA electricity data . 2. World Bank ( 2004d ) , p . 1 . ANNEXES Annex 1. Overview of the Reform Process in Eight Conclusion : Designing Reforms to Produce Better Outcomes for the Poor 177.
... were calculated from World Bank ECA electricity data . 2. World Bank ( 2004d ) , p . 1 . ANNEXES Annex 1. Overview of the Reform Process in Eight Conclusion : Designing Reforms to Produce Better Outcomes for the Poor 177.
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |