People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central Asia, Pagina 419World Bank, 2007 - 227 pagini Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. 'People and Power' suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Pagina 49
... urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking . Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and urban areas . Energy ...
... urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking . Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and urban areas . Energy ...
Pagina 52
... Urban Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor . When ...
... Urban Poor Nonpoor Poor Nonpoor Wood 63 68 68 57 Natural gas 14 16 17 35 Kerosene 1 1 7 6 Dung 18 14 1 1 Other 3 0 7 7 Total 100 100 100 100 Number of households 93 204 181 316 Source : 1999-2000 survey . among the urban poor . When ...
Pagina 225
... urban poor in . See heating strategies for urban poor mitigating strategy , proposal for improv- ing , 97f , 103-4 nominative targeted compensation ( NTC ) system , 90 , 101–3 , 102b postindependence decline of , 89-91 , 90f private vs ...
... urban poor in . See heating strategies for urban poor mitigating strategy , proposal for improv- ing , 97f , 103-4 nominative targeted compensation ( NTC ) system , 90 , 101–3 , 102b postindependence decline of , 89-91 , 90f private vs ...
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AES Telasi Albania analysis Armenia arrears average Azerbaijan Baku Barmek Belarus benefits bills Bulgaria central heat changes collection rates consumers cost recovery countries demand distribution companies district heating dram economic effects of reform efficiency electricity expenditures electricity sector energy consumption energy expenditures energy sector environmental figure focus group Georgia higher Household Budget Survey Households reported impact of reform improved investments Kazakhstan kerosene kgoe Kyrgyz Republic Lampietti levels lowest 20 percent manat meters mitigating Moldova natural gas nonpayment NREDs payment percent of households percentage political poor and nonpoor poor households Poor Nonpoor poverty power sector price elasticity price increases privatization PSIAs region reliable residential sector reform Serbia service quality share social Source stakeholders substitutes supply Table Tajikistan targeted tariff increases tariff-based subsidies Tbilisi tion Total Bottom 20 traditional fuels tricity Ukraine Union Fenosa utility welfare losses wood World Bank Yerevan
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Are You Being Served?: New Tools for Measuring Service Delivery Samia Amin,Jishnu Das,Markus Goldstein Vizualizare completă - 2007 |